Portraits By Warhol Essay Example For Students

Pictures By Warhol Essay A portion of the pictures that were finished by Warhol started with Troy Donahue and Warren Beatty, and Elvis Presley. Afterwards on came Marilynn Monroe and Jackie Kennedy. There was additionally a progression of auto accident pictures done around this time. The Jackie Kennedy representations were done not long after the death of President Kennedy. They reflected the grieving essence of Jackie that was demonstrated on numerous occasions in the media. There were eight unique pictures that were completely taken from various papers at that point. The quantity of works in this arrangement is as yet obscure. (Hag pg 29)The fender bender pictures had an outrageous measure of variety. They went from having one picture to a canvas to having up to twenty on a similar canvas at once. There are a wide range of hued pictures in this set. The most significant change starting with one then onto the next is the foundation shading. It is hard for pundits to put the start of the importance of this a rrangement of works. (Hag pg 29)The arrangement including the hot seats has an intense political articulation. It is an image of abuse of administrative power; it has likewise been thought of and open admission of an inadequacy in social turn of events. (Hag) About a similar time as the hot seat pictures were being appeared there were numerous other very upsetting arrangements of pictures being appeared. They were of race riots and many were taken legitimately from paper articles of the Nazi Germany and Castro’s unrest in Cuba. (Hag pg 29)One of the last sequential sets that Warhol made before proceeding onward from painting was of blossoms. The blossoms were delivered in an extraordinary assortment of sizes and amounts. These were in plain view in 1964. The first blossoms were taken from a ladies magazine. In contrast to a large portion of his previous works, these generations were cleaned up by hand on the screen. These are additionally unique in that they don't speak to an ything to Warhol. They are carefully brightening. The hues utilized in the work of art aren’t used to represent anything besides just to bring out shading in improvement. In all there were around 900 of the bloom painting made in Warhol’s studio, â€Å"The Factory†. These were among the absolute last of Warhol’s works of art, in a mind-blowing rest he focused on film making. (Hag pg 30)During Warhol’s life his work has been questionable. He has gotten increasingly perceived and well known after his passing in 1987. I feel that his motivation for being a craftsman appeared to be not the same as that of different craftsmen. I’m not persuaded he painted and recorded for the love of the craftsmanship or such a great amount for his motivation in doing it. I think he had a message he needed to get across and this was the medium through which he decided to communicate. Folklore Essays

Examinations exert a pernicious influence on education Essay Example For Students

Assessments apply a noxious effect on training Essay Assessment is a structure/methods for testing a people capacity to act in a specific subject which might be scholastic or non-scholarly. Noxious methods something which is destructive or has hurtful impacts. Training is anything an individual gains from the time he is destined to the time he passes on. This incorporates all scholarly and non-scholastic subjects which might be fortunate or unfortunate. Having characterized the catchphrases, the bases of the contention has been framed and now let us start by talking about the geniuses of the point. The understudy showing up for the test takes it under extraordinary strain and weight since he realizes that he has just one opportunity to demonstrate his value and in the event that he falls flat, he will be abandoned for an amazing remainder. Obviously he can re-take the test following a time of a year or somewhere in the vicinity however since he had bombed it once, it wouldnt be the equivalent. His force of contemplating would have been broken and his disappointment would fill in as a demoralizing element. Thus he would most likely show a more awful exhibition the subsequent time and wind up losing a year. The other point for the theme is that the understudy might be acceptable at the subject itself however may not be a decent examinee since he will most likely be unable to endeavor completely the inquiry in the set timeframe. This may not allow to the understudy to communicate completely and in an exhaustive way, his sentiments and perspectives. Take the case of this article. In the event that I were given this article in the assessment, I will most likely be unable to clarify every single point appropriately as a result of the constrained time I would have been allocated. Let us currently make a suspicion that the understudy can complete the inquiry in the assigned time. In any case, his penmanship is hard to comprehend and his paper is loaded up with scribblings towards the end. The understudy has no information on the inspector nor of his temperament/perspective at the hour of checking. All in all, what occurs if the inspector is feeling baffled? As a matter of first importance, his temper develops as he gazes at the messy paper lying before him. At that point he takes a full breath and starts perusing the exposition. When he wraps up the principal section he can take nothing else of the awful composition and experiences the remainder of the paper perusing a couple of sentences to a great extent. At the point when he reaches as far as possible of the paper, his brain contains looks at what the understudy has composed and gives stamps in like manner which are ten-to-one low. This outcomes in the understudy getting a second rate and his future is totally or to a huge degree destroyed. Aside from this the last scarcely any papers checked by the analyst for the most part procure aâ low grade in light of the fact that at that point the inspector is exhausted checking papers and furthermore by the redundancy of focuses. At the point when an understudy realizes that he needs to read for a specific assessment and follow a set prospectus, his methodology towards that subject is limited. This confines his insight into the subject despite the fact that he might want to examine it from a more extensive point of view. The component of time restricts the understudies answer to memory instead of to investigation. Since the current time is very short, the understudy thinks that its difficult to sort out all the focuses. Along these lines, he clarifies all the focuses that are in his brain in an arbitrary request which ruins the progression of the appropriate response and furthermore drives the understudy to committing a great deal of errors, the majority of which he could have in any case maintained a strategic distance from. Additionally, this leaves the understudy with practically zero time to check his paper for spelling and accentuation blunders. .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .postImageUrl , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:hover , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:visited , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:active { border:0!important; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:active , .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0015 7c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u00157c0ab9fd7a9bddd3bc02f6fcdeed:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Do you swear EssayWhat occurs on the off chance that you are a fantastic understudy however are debilitated upon the arrival of the assessment or are feeling the squeeze outside to the assessment? Consider the possibility that your answer is one-sided or bias and clashes with the suppositions and perspectives on the inspector. In such cases, understudies get low evaluations despite the fact that its not their deficiency and they can't help in any capacity. They in this manner need to languish over a mind-blowing remainder. Let us presently look at the cons of the theme. The most significant con of the subject might be that it gives a base to individuals having a place with all classes of the general public to show their value. What's more, on the off chance that the general public did not depend on the rank framework, at that point individuals from the low classes would have the option to get high posts and go far throughout everyday life in the event that they perform well in the assessment. Along these lines they would have the option to accomplish all that they had so far just longed for. Assessments can be taken as a trial of an understudies information about a specific subject which would tell the understudy where he remains among others, and the amount he knows and the amount he should know. For example we as a whole realize that we need to perform deeds of ethicalness in this world so as to achieve salvation in the following period of life, however what number of us play out this obligation? In conclusion, assessments can be considered as a standard of estimating how solid an understudy comes out under extraordinary conditions. In the end, I might want to give my own perspectives on the subject. As I would see it, assessments don't affect training in such a case that ideal, the understudy may gather additional data regarding the matter through research however he doesn't really need to execute it in his answers. Additionally, since all the understudies taking the assessment are decided on a similar material, it gives a strong base to making a decision about an understudies capacity to act in a specific subject or calling.

Free Nursing Essay Samples on License Requirement For LPNs

Free Nursing Essay Samples on License Requirement For LPNsThe Internet is awash with free nursing essay samples on license requirement for LPNs. What can you use these resources for? There are a few points to be noted about these resources to help you make your choice.Free nursing samples will usually come in two categories: first, there are well written and informative sites that give you basic guidelines and relevant information regarding the topic of your essay. Such sites contain online books and course outlines, such as those produced by the American Nurses Credentialing Board (ANCB) or the National Council Licensure Training Standards Board (NCLTSB). These resources are usually reliable and trustworthy. The second category includes second hand information, and as such, is often unreliable. It may be a good idea to investigate these sources for more information.Nurse writers for LPN-NP professional nurses have several options. There are personal websites that offer free writing services, which may not include an outline. There are also local nursing associations that can offer assistance for free, including guidance and basic information about requirements and licensing for LPNs. Nursing blogs are also becoming more popular, offering detailed information on the topic of your essay.A free blog post on a professional nurse's website may be useful to guide a novice LPN through the process of writing his or her nursing essay. Such an opportunity offers a clear example of how LPNs present the same information through different ways.All these resources can be invaluable for nursing professionals who are new to the nursing profession. They may also find useful nursing essay samples on license requirement for LPNs on personal websites, journals and other offline resources. They may also find inspiration and additional training through the use of free essays written by others.Most nursing schools provide assistance through the use of free essay samples, in some cas es providing up to twenty-one sample essays to assist you. For this reason, it is worthwhile to search out these resources, and in most cases, the cost of using them is minimal.It is important to remember that these free resources are not regulated by the Department of Education. Their only purpose is to provide general information and for research purposes. Although the Department of Education does have the ability to regulate the use of these resources, they do not regulate how you choose to use them.Again, make sure that you use the free resources to research the topic of your nursing essay. If you choose to use the resources, it should be for educational and research purposes only.

Critical Analysis Of A Business Focused Research Paper Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3035 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This report is a critical analysis of a peer-reviewed business focused research paper. The chosen article is Can the US stock market be Shanghaied? published in 2009 in the Management Research News. Two authors contributed to the production of this paper: Yi-Jer Huang and Frank W. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critical Analysis Of A Business Focused Research Paper Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Bacon. This particular research paper is intended to examine the relationship between the US and China stock markets. The purpose of this short report is to assess the relative merit of the journal article to critically evaluate and decide how useful and worthwhile the work, methodology and the arguments presented in the paper are; deciding how much the work has contributed to the worlds understanding, of this very significant topic. As well as question the information and opinions in it and present an evaluation and judgment of the report. The critical analysis of the named paper is undertaken, with special attention given to each individual section presented throughout the paper. For this critique to be effective and balanced, both strengths and weaknesses of the research are discussed, together with recommendations for improvement and future study in the concluding part of this report. The propositions are backed up by literature to strengthen the quality of the analysis. This shot report is broken down into several parts; every part is representing a crucial aspect of this critical analysis. Every aspects of the research will be discussed in great detail from several points of view. Overall the review is summaries and assesses the paper and demonstrates a reasonable and fair assessment of the chosen research. Purpose This rigorously carried out purposive study was done with the intention of making an important and valuable input to the field of knowledge (Bryman and Bell 2007). The purpose of the research paper is to examine the relationship between the United States and China stock markets between 2000 and 2007. The authors attempt to categorize the event occurred on the 27th of February, 2007 to find the link between the 9 per cent plunge in the Shanghai stock market followed by the $1.5 trillion global market shake out. Authors While executing this peer reviewed article, the authors had an outstanding theoretical knowledge especially Frank W. Bacon who is a well know established author with over 30 years of experience in the financial industry. He has also authored and co-authored over 40 articles published in professional academic journals, and currently he is the professor of finance at Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia. Yi-Jer Huang on the other hand has similar length of experience but in the IT industry which might not be as useful regarding the research topic (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). Abstract The research paper begins with a very clear and concise abstract. The abstract is informative in nature, it is less than 10% of the length of the original piece but includes all major points that they want to get across such as the key themes and purpose of the paper, major facts bearing on the conclusion, a summary of key findings methods. As well as the scope of the article, results, and recommendations thereby it follows White (2000) ideal form of an abstract. It follows strictly the chronology of the article and provides logical connections between the information, adds no new information, but simply summarizes the the whole paper. Problem Statement The researchers have chosen a question that is neither too broad nor too narrow (Ryan, Scapens, Theobald and Beattie, 2002) as a result the main research question is Can the US stock market be Shanghaied? which practically means Will Shanghai stock market have strong influence over US stock market in the future? this question has been selected do to its significance. Since the Chinese economy is at the moment in the centre of attention due to its hidden investment possibilities as it has been pointed out in several journals such as the Management Decision, that China has a great influence on the global market in general and as several academic and professional figures has stated this influence will heavily increase in the future, therefore the importance of this matter is crucial. The researchers also provide a good argument regarding its potential value to portfolio managers worldwide (Huang and Bacon, 2009). The problem statement is a clear, precise, and concise statement of the is sue to be researched, it offers a focus and direction to the study which can be clearly seen in the paper. The authors also have chosen this topic, since it can actually be researched. Literature review The research is reasonably current as well as the references it used, it has been published in 2009 in the journal of Management Research News therefore it must have gone through a series of evaluations by professionals before it could have been published. The references the authors used have been published / created between 2005 and 2008. There are over 16077 journal articles and 1442 books on the stock market only in the Emerald database, even though the topic might be unique because the events it review is quite recent. The authors should have examined a wider range of literature so they could have a more solid theoretical framework. The authors mostly used primary sources (also called original source or evidence) to avoid the problem inherent in secondary sources, where each new author may distort and put their own twist on the findings of prior cited authors (Hair, Wolfinbarger, Money, Samouel and Page, 2011). The researchers have reviewed three websites, one research paper and three journals (Huang and Bacon, 2009) although one of the websites reliability is arguable. That website is Wikipedia, Philip Bradley librarian said that the use of Wikipedia is not appropriate since it lacks of authority, with printed publications, the publishers have to ensure that their data is reliable, as their livelihood depends on it. But with something like this, all that goes out the window. However an article in the journal Nature (Giles, 2005) suggests that, Wikipedia scientific articles came close to the level of accuracy in Encyclopaedia Britannica and had a similar rate of serious errors, this study was disputed by Encyclopaedia Britannica. Wikipedia also has been used as evidence in legal cases such as the trademark of Formula One racing decision (trademark act 1994 in class 41 under number 940), addition to this the UK Intellectual Property Office considered Wikipedia both reliable, and useful as a source of evidence. Even though the overall number of used reference s is low, they have reviewed and taken into consideration several aspects of the subject and explored many possibilities therefore due to the relation and quality of these sources the amount of literature should be sufficient. The authors have used both supporting literature for their final conclusion such as Beach, S.L. and Clarence, C.R. (2005), Does portfolio rebalancing help investors avoid common mistakes?, Journal of Financial Planning, May, pp. 56-61. and differing literature such as Cha, A.E. (2007), Chinas quirky stock market finally matters. Its problems become the worlds, Washington Post, 4 March, p. A01. Theoretical framework The theoretical framework is specified and it identifies and defines the important variables that are relevant to the problem, it is also detailed and well-thought out. The dependent variable is the impact of Chinas emerging stock market. Predictor or explanatory variables, just to mention a couple are the herd mentality and strength of the relationship between the US and China which explains the variation in the dependent variable. Moderating and mediating variables are also important to the problem. The article identifies on several occasions the questionable factors that could be related to the overall outcome of the hypotheses. The framework provides appropriate amount of information regarding the problem in forms of tablets and graphs as well as background data. However they do not state or suggest the reason behind the increase and decrease of correlation in the graphs. Therefore the movements could due to other unrelated external factors which would mean that the strengthening of the Chinas market influence is unknown and might be temporary (Ma, 2004). Method of study Hypotheses testing were used to explain the nature of certain relationships between variables and independence of variables in the research; it also explains the variance in the dependent variable for any change in the independent variables. The method of study is quantitative in nature (Teall Hasan, 2002); therefore it is very appropriate to answer the research question. The researchers have used quantitative methods as a technique to gather measurable quantitative data, as well as carrying out a systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships (Ryan, Scapens, Theobald and Beattie, 2002). Tables and graphs are therefore used to present the results of these methods in the research paper. One concern with the graphs (Figure 1 2) is not about the content but the format; it can be very confusing for readers with no previous knowledge regarding this sort of chart. Quantitative research in this case made by using scientific methods, whi ch include the generation of hypotheses; collection of empirical data; modeling and analysis of data; evaluation of results (Teall and Hasan, 2002). Data collection The data collection methods are very appropriate; the researchers could not have affected the results of the study in any way through to the collection of data. The authors findings are close to reality in terms of the data bases they have used, as it has been based on several reliable and factual tablets and figures from finance.yahoo.com which is a widely accepted and reliable source. The findings that have been concluded from indexes such as The Morgan Stanley Capital International index are very suitable to display the true movements of the market although there is always a probability that the data may not reflect the reality. At this point it must be highlighted that China was the only emerging stock market they have examined since Hong Kong and Japan are already developed markets consequently the authors only examined the Asian markets which would not create a realistic picture of the situation therefore it is not completely sufficient. However if other emerging markets would have been examined such as Brazil or especially India which are in a very similar condition, not only more precise but perhaps different hypothesis would have emerged (Ma, 2004). Investigation The overall method of the investigation is cause and effect since the researchers main goal is to determine whether or not the Shanghai stock market caused the global market shake out in 2007. On the other hand the research itself is very much focused on the correlation of variables to determine the multiple factors that influence one another; as a result the authors also identified the crucial factors associated with the problem. In this case measurement is a means by which observations are expressed numerically in order to investigate associations (Israel, 2009). This type of data analysis is the most suitable for this sort of research problem. On a related subject the authors argue that Shanghai stock market is widely blamed as a cause of the February 2007 event, however they fail to state the origin of this accusation, this might not be a significant information regarding the research investigation and measurement however it would increase the reliability of the outcome since it would shed a light on whether or not the authors are emotionally influenced by the country which has raised these accusation. Consequently the research design would have ensured that the findings are as close to reality as possible so that one can have full confidence in the findings. Hallmarks The confidence level is low because of the unique characteristics of China stock market therefore it is hard to conclude that the global market shake out was ignited by the 9 per cent plunge in the Shanghai stock market (Ma, 2004). In addition the level of probability that the estimations in the research findings are correct is not stated in the research paper. The conclusions drawn from the interpretation of the results of data analysis is objective, they are purely based on facts of the findings derived from actual quantitative data, and not on their subjective or emotional values (Israel, 2009). This research can be used again if similar conditions occur for example when a stock market presumably violently has an impact on another or even on the global market. The research findings in this setting are also applicability to other settings. By this means other corporation and especially broker firms around the world can get a good use out of these findings and solution. The authors used simplicity in explaining the problems and generalizing these solutions for the problems rather than a complex research framework. Therefore the research is conducted in a parsimonious that is simple and economical manner. They have used more number of variables leading to less variance to achieve economy in the research model. They display clear understanding regarding the problem which has led to parsimony in research activities even though some of the influencing factors are not completely clear (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). This research might not meet all characteristics of the scientific res earch, to the extent possible it seems however that the research activities were pursued in scientific manner. Alternative Hypothesises The authors considered alternatives to the final hypothesis. They have studied Beta of Chinas stock market with world stock market, SSECI Correlation with the DJIA, correlation and beta coefficients of DJIA against the SSECI relationship between the SSECI and the DJIA. However since SSECIs beta is very small, which means regardless of which way the DJIA moves, SSECI almost remains unchanged therefore, it would appear from the data that the impact of the Shanghai stock market should be insignificant with respect to Wall Street (Huang Bacon, 2009). This means that there is no relationship between the variables that they are investigating. The researchers have used null hypothesis because they are unable to prove that their hypothesis regarding herald mentality is true, but what they are able to state is that the null hypothesises are incorrect, and by excluding these there should be a relationship of some sort. Main Hypothesis The final and core hypothesizes is that the 27th of February, 2007 phenomenon between Shanghai and Wall Street may be attributed to herd mentality (Beach and Clarence, 2005). Although the authors do not provide the reader with any previously occurred examples regarding herald mentality. Huang and Bacons findings have commanded more faith and credibility when in the recent past the same results were evolved in several other occasions but on different set of data which has ensure the scientific nature of the research and therefore more confidence can be placed in the research findings. This also eliminates the doubt that the hypothesis is supported by chance and ensures that the findings reflect the true state of affairs. Therefore they have proposed a logical explanation for an observable phenomenon and as a scientific hypothesis it can be tested because there is some real hope of deciding whether it is true or false of real experience. This hypothesis, involves two components: first the logical property that is counterexamples to the hypothesis are logically possible, and secondly the practical feasibility of observing a reproducible series of such counterexamples (Hair, Wolfinbarger, Money, Samouel and Page, 2011). Limitations The researchers identified the limitations of the study, they have pointed out that since chinas economic reform is unique. Fueled by its fast growing economy, using past patterns or trends to predict the future of Chinas financial market requires further research as its stock market emerges. The authors also discuss the appropriate practical implications. Conclusion of the Research Even though the data is rich it does not answer to the research question, in terms of what could have caused the event in 2005, the alternative hypotheses have been ruled out by the results as it has been established before. However by out ruling these alternative scenarios they narrowed down to presumably the actual reason that stood behind the research problem thereby suggesting a clear and defensible answer to the research question. The findings are presented in a graph and tablets, to make it easier for the readers to understand what has been found and how these outcomes link together. As it has been mentioned in the alternative hypotheses section of this critical report the conclusion is built upon the interpretation of the data and it fit very well with the discussion and final hypotheses (Connors and Hayward, 1995). Although the structure of the paper is uneven since the authors spend a lot of time explaining what hypothesizes are not working and not much time on actually expl aining why the hypothesis regarding the herald mentality might do work. Conclusion In conclusion the article Can the US stock market be Shanghaied? by Yi-Jer Huang, Frank W. Bacon published in 2009 in the Management Research News is mainly intended for professionals in the investment industry however it is easy to understand as the report does not require a strong professional knowledge base to understand the content. Although they have briefly explained the background of the Chinese stock market which is an essential knowledge for non-expert readers to understand the circumstances, some prior knowledge of the subject would be beneficial and help the reader gain a better understanding of the article. As they state in the research paper that clearly, a better understanding of the influence of Chinas emerging stock market on the global stock market offers significant value to portfolio managers worldwide. The writing style suits the non-expert, non- academic audiences however it can be very beneficial as mentioned before for both experts and academics. The discussion was relevant, stayed related to the main topic of the conversation. They avoided being obscurity of expression, ambiguity and last but not least they were brief to complexity. It should be noted that this research article is an applied research reference on the subject of management and stock market. It offers, a good and in most cases a clear insight on the subject, it does not cover all relevant issues and the reader would be advised to explore other areas mentioned within the article to further their knowledge. Recommendations for how the text can be improved in terms of ideas, research approach have been discussed in the main body. Although future researches should be validate and expand on the original research to deliver an even more precise hypothesis.

A Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines - 1094 Words

A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, Vintage Contemporaries  ©1993, 256pp. In his poignant and moving novel, A Lesson Before Dying, Ernest J. Gaines asks us questions that reignite our own quest for the meaning of compassion. What do you teach a man condemned to die? What lesson might be useful in the final month of a man’s life? Is there a futility that we succumb to when we accept the judgment of men? These are the questions faced by Grant Wiggins, a young, black school teacher who has returned to his small Louisiana hometown following his college education. Persuaded by his aunt to counsel Jefferson, also a young, black man who has been sentenced to die for an armed robbery in which he was an unwitting bystander. Not to exonerate him, but to teach him. To give him something to call his own before he leaves this earth: knowledge. Set in 1940s rural Louisiana, the novel is framed in a sociopolitical structure that is all too familiar and disturbingly simple: racial class structure that places Black Americans firmly under the shoes of their White counterparts. The setting was a deft choice by Gaines to illustrate his central theme, but also a necessary one. This story, set in a contemporary prison, Jefferson’s character would stretch credibility beyond the point of acceptance, making Grant’s task virtually impossible. The simplicity built into the racial divide in the 1940s the only one and makes possible everything that follows. The story is simple: Jefferson choseShow MoreRelatedA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of what it means to be a human or a man, is a topic that is has been and is often discussed all over the world today. In the novel A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, Gaines breaks down the meaning of what it means to be a man thought a character named Grant Wiggins. Grant Wiggins is the main character of the novel and is a very educated African-American man who is also a teacher at a local church in the town. He is trying to define and understand the concept of what it meansRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1293 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone is a student and a teacher in their own discoveries about the lessons of life. As hard as it can be to assimilate in a situation where you re at a disadvantage, Grant Wiggins and Jefferson took the jaundiced community and made their mark on the static populace. Everyone deserves the right to grasp certain basic lessons, even if it is not encouraged in your society. As the title implies, in A Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines, Grant and Jefferson acted as both the teacher and student in orderRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines926 Words   |  4 Pages I found A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines a deeply moving novel, which kept me on the edge of my seat and had a hard time putting down. The novel explores various themes and concepts that surround the education system, filled with multiple emotional moments, conflicts, and surprising moments scattered throughout the storyline. However, the novel does not just focus on the education system and its underlying issues, but it also focuses on human transformation, where the emotional momentsRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines960 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† is known as an outstanding book, in which I would have to agree on. The book has many excellent messages and morals throughout its entirety, But no other message speaks out more than the message of â€Å"Becoming a Man† and the obstacles you must first tackle before achieving that message. The author of â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying†, Ernest J. Gaines, expresses this thr oughout the book immensely. In many ways also making this the theme of the book. Miss Emma says at the beginningRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of a Strong Character In the novel A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, racism and prejudice are clearly evident and talked about throughout the novel. The novel expresses the oppression of the blacks under a white-ruled society through the narrator, Grant. Grant is a well-educated black man who struggles to free himself from the oppression he has felt from the white community. Despite the fact that he is educated and a teacher, he initially lacks the vigor needed to take the firstRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1321 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"You don’t get to choose how you’re going to die and when, you can only decide how you are going to live†. (Joan Baez). In the novel A Lesson Before Dying, written by Ernest J. Gaines, Jefferson doesn’t get to choose how and when he’s going to die, but he learns valuable lessons from Grant about how to live the rest of his life. This novel takes place in Bayonne, Louisiana, in the late 1940s. Jefferson is a twenty-one-year-old uneducated black man, who is accused of a robbery and murder that he didRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesvery much felt that way. Blacks were oppressed in many ways including having unreachable requirements to vote, such regulations included literacy tests, poll taxes, and elaborate registration systems, but it only started there. The novel A Lesson Before Dying is about a young, college-educated man and a convict, Grant Wiggins and Jefferson. Grant is asked to make a man out of Jefferson who is convicted of killing a white man during a robbery in which he got dragged along to. Grant is asked by EmmaRead More A Lesson before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pages A Lesson before Dying, one of Ernest J. Gaines later works, was written in 1993. Some of his earlier works include A Gathering of Old Men and In My Father’s House. The novel covers a time period when blacks were still treated unfairly and looked down upon. Jefferson, a main character, has been wrongly accused of a crime and awaits his execution in jail. Grant, the story’s main protagonist must find it within himself to help Jefferson see that he is a man, which will allow him to walk bravely toRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1419 Words   |  6 Pagesfear and pity in the audience. In Ernest J. Gaine s’s novel, A Lesson Before Dying, Jefferson conforms to four out five of the characteristics, and it is the quality that he doesn’t meet that leads to all of his problems in the first place. By meeting four out of the five characteristics, Jefferson meets Aristotle s definition of a tragic hero. Jefferson is not of noble birth, in fact in his culture his is not even average. The society in which A Lesson Before Dying takes place is one that refusesRead MoreA Lesson before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthe children and run away. He still tells her how he wants to run from his problems, the South. Vivian lets him know that her coworkers know about her affair with him. Chapter 13 Plot: Miss Emma goes to church on Sunday. Grant remembers the Friday before when Miss Emma and Reverend Ambrose were sitting in the kitchen along with Tante Lou. When Miss Emma asks about his visit with Jefferson he lies and says that he is doing fine. Grant doesn’t believe in the Bible’s teachings. Grant sits at his desk

Smoking Causes and Effects Essay - 989 Words

Smoking has become a trend in today’s world, even though people know how harmful it is. Smoking causes are obvious it will ruin your health and give you series of health issues. In America 85% teenagers first start smoking from the age of fifteen and sixteen, smoking tobacco is really addicting. Smoking causes heart diseases, blood pressure, series of cancers such as, lung cancer, mouth cancer and throat cancer. I have noticed that many people in my relatives who smoked all their youth quit smoking in their forties after experiencing heart attacks. Some of the people don’t even quit after they realize they are having health issues. This is all because of being addicted to nicotine. There are several brands of cigarettes and people assume†¦show more content†¦Every smoker has different reasons to smoke such as showing off to public that I am smoking or to look cool. Precaution is better than cure, but yet no one will follow that till they are in a stage of being cure and not being aware that cancer is not curable. Many people lack knowledge about what is going to happen after months and years of smoking. Cancer can make you look hideous and there is a stage where people regret smoking but it becomes too late for them to go back and change their decisions. Occasionally smoking is also not so great yet affecting same as regular smoking. Instead of relieving stress by smoking tobacco a person should do regular exercise which surely will reduce stress and keeps your heath well maintained. Rarely people smoke alone at their first time, it’s all on the friend circle the person is with, such as hanging out with smokers will off course make you a chain smoker and it has been now like a tradition seeming like it will carry on to young teens who hangout with the wrong people. Smoking is not legalized till you are the age of nineteen but yet we see young ones smoking and it’s sad to know how they will suffer later in life. Smoking gradu ally affects your whole body where a person starts realizing shortage of breathing or dry skin and headaches. There are some new ways of quitting in the market such as the nicotine gum and the patches but I believe they are costly and not yet helping, which makes peopleShow MoreRelated The Causes and Effects of Smoking Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes and Effects of Smoking Scientists and health officials have been arguing the detrimental effects smoking has on our health for many years. Smoking can lead to serious complications including asthma, pancreas, lung and stomach cancer due to the large number of carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other various substances added to it. It is a health hazard for both smokers and non-smokers and it is especially harmful to unborn babies. 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Every year, around half a million Americans die at a young age due to smoking or secondhand smoke with another sixteen million living with a serious illnessRead MoreThe Effect of Smoking on Health Essay example670 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effect of Smoking on Health â€Å"Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 4,000 chemicals in the form of gases, particles or both. When you inhale cigarette smoke, dozens of harmful substances enter your lungs and spread through your body. They can reach your brain, heart and other organs within 10 seconds of the first puff.† (Winstanly. M et al 1995) Tobacco is a plant which has been grown over thousands of years upon which many scientific experiments haveRead MoreEssay on Smoking: Hazardous to Your Health894 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking: Hazardous to Your Health A about two weeks ago I read an essay called, â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦?† by Peter Brimelow. This essay’s main point tries to explain how smoking can be beneficial in some ways. 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Professional Environment Busta Bigwig Alice

Question: Describe about the Professional Environment for Busta Bigwig Alice. Answer: Is there an Ethical Dilemma? After getting a mail from Busta Bigwig, the owner of the ACE, there were certain questions that Sheila should resolve while considering the whole matter again about dismissing Alice from the job and hiring her again. With the legality she also needs to discover whether there is any ethical dilemma that needs to be look closely. The very first thing she does is to look upon the laws governing the situation. She has find out that there are certain laws which could assist her to deal with the issue. The main issue was that whether it was right to fire Alice from the job without looking into the whole matter closely and the program she has to offer.(Relkin, 2006) Sheila knows that it is legal as Alice was fired formally by issuing employment termination letter. After ensuring the legality, Sheila still feels that there is an ethical dilemma which needs to be addressed.(Shinder, 2005) Ted rejected Alices program by regarding it as dangerous due to its validation feature and also terminated her from the job without any valid reason. Both the situation raises an ethical question. Sheila felt that there is something wrong with Alices termination. Sheila prefers to keep quiet about the original entity of Lock-Smith and the termination of Alice when Busta asked her to hire Lock-Smith for ACE. But still the direction is not clear. So she decided to go for more formal guidelines. Does the act consistent with the corporate policy? Sheila find out that corporate policy does not allow for unreasonable termination of any employee and the act violated the ethical code of conduct also. Now the guideline asks does the act violate the Golden Rule. It means, Sheila must ask herself if she would want this to be done to her. Would she want to get terminated without any valid reason and further reviewing of the matter? Alice has to know the reason of her termination which is violated. Also as a head, it is Sheila's duty to review the matter closely which was not met. If everyone acted the way like Ted did then it might happen in the future that other employees are also fired without any valid reason. At this point, it is clear to Sheila that there is an ethical dilemma. To determine a specific course of action, now she moves to examination of ethical principles by application of four-step process. 2: Four-steps of Ethical Analysis and Decision Making Process Step I Understand the Situation 1A: List and number of the relevant facts ACE Inc., one of the major graphics software providers in Australia. Alice is a system programmer at ACE who currently assists in computer security matters and has an extensive knowledge of all the problems concerned with ACEs security procedures, systems, and networks. Due to her interest and knowledge in systems security software, Alice developed an anti-virus program at home. To make her program stand out from other competitors, she designed it and makes it operate in a network environment. Most important feature of the program is validation. This allows the user to copy and modify the virus to any quarantined memory location. After successful trials, Alice approached her manager Ted and offered the program to ACE as she was aware of the virus infections of ACE and that this program could greatly improve ACEs security. Ted examined Alices proposal and denied to buy it by calling it as very dangerous program. (CalChamber, 2016) Due to unreasonable rejection of her program she decided to become a consultant named Lock-Smith on the internet and released her program on a Bulletin Board System under the name Safe-Tee. After knowing about Alices consultation service and who actually Lock Smith is, Ted immediately fired Alice (by formally issuing her with the required notice of employment termination) and informed his manager, Sheila Silk. Sheila Silk, the executive Head of IT at ACE, considers Alice as a disorganized person and always has a high opinion of Ted. She supported Teds decision to sack Alice with no further review of the case being necessary. Busta Bigwig, the owner of the ACE, instructed Sheila to find Lock-Smith and offer him a position in ACE. Sheila knows who Lock-Smith actually is and decided to consider the situation. 1B: Which of these raise an ethical issue? What is the potential or resulting harm? Number potential or resulting harm 5 users can use the feature for wrong purpose 9 does unreasonable termination provides job security to employees 10 personal disliking causes the case to remain unsolved and company losses its faithful employee 1C: List the stakeholders involved Alice Ted, the Head of I.T Security at ACE, Sheila Silk, the executive Head of IT at ACE Busta Bigwig, the owner of the ACE ACE as a corporation All ACE employees ACE customers People taking consultation services from Lock-smith Society as a whole Step II Isolate the Major Ethical Dilemma Should Sheila review the case and the program before terminating Alice from the job so that a valid reason of dismissal can be stated? Step III Ethical Analysis Consequentialism: If action in Step II is done, who will be harmed? No one will be harmed. If action in Step II is NOT done, who will be harmed? Alice would be harmed as she loses her job. Which alternative results in the least harm? Alternative A will result in least harm. If action in Step II is done, who will benefit? ACE would be benefited as after proper review, the company will not lose its faithful employee and also the program developed by Alice would be beneficial for ACEs security. Also, other employees will get assurance of proper review of any such issue in future. If action in Step II is NOT done, who will be benefited? No One will benefited Which alternative results in the maximum benefit? Alternative D will result in maximum benefit. Consequentialism Comments (on the choices at C. and F.) If Sheila reviews the whole case and the program, less or no people will be harmed as compared to when she does not review the case. Selecting alternative A and D will result in considering the valid reasons of termination and also helps in differentiating the good and bad features of the program (Sheldon, 2016). Rights and Duties: List relevant abridged rights and neglected duties Employees have a right to know on what basis they have been terminated. ACE has a right to protect its employees from unreasonable job dismissal and support them for their new inventions. Ted, as a head of IT department, has a duty to take any decision after considering all the facts properly. Sheila, as an executive head, has a duty to ask Ted the valid reason for any of his action. ACE has a duty to not offer any program to its user which can be used for any wrong motives. (Howe, 2016) Rights and Duties Comments: From the above it can be said that certain rights and duties are in conflicting position, such as ACE has a right to support its employees for new inventions but at the same time has a duty to not offer any dangerous program to its user that can be misused. Kants Categorical Imperative: (Kant, 2016) If action in Step II is done, who will be treated with disrespect? No One If action in Step II is NOT done, who will be treated with disrespect? Busta Bigwig, the owner of the ACE Which alternative is preferable? Alternative H is preferable If action in Step II is done, who will be treated unlike others? Alice. She will get special treatment as Busta wants Sheila to offer position to Lock-Smith in ACE. If action in Step II is NOT done, who will be treated unlike others? No One Which alternative is preferable? Are there benefits if everyone did action in Step II? Yes. Employees will have chance to prove their part and proper review would result in right decision Are there any benefits if nobody did action in Step II? No. unreasonable termination will lessen employees trust Which alternative is preferable? N Step III Discussion. Looking to the above analysis, it can be said that the main issue is to consider the whole case of Alice termination and at the same time review the features of the program that Alice has to offer so that dangerous feature, if any, can be removed. It is clear that bringing Alice and her expertise to the ACE again and purchasing the program that provide good security to ACE outweigh the dangerous feature of Validation contained in the program because that feature can be removed with some negotiations but losing faithful employees without any valid reason is not ethical(Kallman Grillo, 1996). The conclusion is D, G2 and N should be given the priority and Sheila should review the case as well as program features in detail. Step IV Making a decision IV A. Make a defensible ethical decision Sheila should review the whole case properly and also consider all the features of the program that Alice has to offer to ACE. If anything seems dangerous about the program then she can ask Alice to remove that feature from that program by giving valid reasons(Gilbert, 2012). IV B. List the steps needed to implement your defensible ethical decision Sheila will call Alice and examine all the features of the program Alice has to offer. She will also ask Ted to give reasons for rejecting Alices program and her termination. If she feels that validation feature is actually dangerous then she will ask Alice to remove this feature from the program so that users will not misuse it and will get ready to purchase the program. Sheila will also inform Alice and Ted about the instructions from Busta and offer a good position to Alice in ACE again. References CalChamber, 2016. Employee Termination. [Online] Available at: https://www.calchamber.com/california-employment-law/pages/termination.aspx [Accessed 17 september 2016]. Gilbert, J., 2012. Ethics for Managers: Philosophical Foundations and Business Realities. Routledge. Howe, R., 2016. Corporate Rights Duties. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/corporate-rights-duties-70463.html [Accessed 17 september 2016]. Kallman, E.A. Grillo, J.P., 1996. Ethical Decision Making and Information Technology. McGraw Hill. Kant, I., 2016. Chapter 2: Ethical Traditions. [Online] Available at: https://www.qcc.cuny.edu/SocialSciences/ppecorino/MEDICAL_ETHICS_TEXT/Chapter_2_Ethical_Traditions/Categorical_Imperative.htm [Accessed 17 september 2016]. Relkin, J., 2006. 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. [Online] Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ [Accessed 17 september 2016]. Sheldon, M., 2016. Establishing a Termination Policy Guidelines. [Online] Available at: https://www.thehartford.com/business-playbook/in-depth/employee-termination-policy-guidelines [Accessed 17 september 2016]. Shinder, D., 2005. Ethical issues for IT security professionals. [Online] Available at: https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-security-professionals.html [Accessed 17 september 2016].

Coca Cola Organizational Management Essay Example

Coca Cola Organizational Management Essay On Tuesday, April 23, 1985 The Coca Cola Company announced that it would change the formula of its flagship soft drink; a formula that had been America’s favorite for 100 years. Kansas newspaper editor William Allen White said, â€Å"Coca Cola is the sublimated essence of all that America stands for. A decent thing honestly made [and] universally distributed. † (As cited in Oliver, 1986, p. 4) How could Coca Cola have tampered with the taste of a drink that was distributed to 155 countries and consumed more than 303 million times a day? Years of planning preceded the arrival of New Coke and years of internal problems contributed to the demise of the old one. Some of the seeds to those problems were planted in the original formulation of the Coca Cola Company, but would go unnoticed during the company’s boom years. In 1885 John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist registered a trademark for â€Å"French Wine Cola-Ideal Nerve Tonic Stimulant†. He eventually changed the formula by taking out the wine and adding caffeine and Kola nut. Thus, Coca Cola was born. Pemberton sold the rights to Coca Cola in 1889 to Georgia business man Asa Candler. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola Organizational Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola Organizational Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola Organizational Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Candler sold the syrup to wholesalers who mixed the syrup with carbonated water, and sold it to soda fountain proprietors. Also in 1899 Benjamin Thomas and Joseph Whitehead approached Candler with a proposition to bottle Coke. Candler thought it was too expensive a venture and wanted no part of it. Candler sold the bottling rights to Thomas and Whitehead for $1. 00! (Oliver, 1986. ) Each bottler had an exclusive right in perpetuity to bottle Coke in his area and no one else except soda fountains could sell Coke in that market. The bottlers actually owned the Coca-Cola trademark in their territories and the company could not refuse to sell them the syrup. (This set up, which formed the heart and soul of the Coca Cola system, would come under attack nearly 100 years later when the Federal Trade Commission charged the company with violating anti-trust laws by restricting competition. ) Candler contracted with the bottlers to sell them the syrup at a fixed price and by the 1920’s that contract was still binding. In Candler’s day sugar was 7 cents a pound, but post WWI inflation brought the price up to 28 cents a pound. When Coca cola tried to pass the increase on to the bottlers, they sued. They agreed to pay for the syrup according to the price of sugar based on the 1921 price with quarterly adjustments for the fluctuating price of sugar. However, the rest of the syrup ingredients prices were locked at the 1921 level. This pricing strategy worked for 50 years, but then the 1970’s came with its soaring inflation and the company barely made a profit on Coke. In 1923 Robert Woodruff , son of Earnest Woodruff who, as one of several businessmen bought the Coca Cola company from Asa Candler in 1919, became president of Coca Cola. Woodruff, acting as a structural change agent, launched radical new programs insisting on quality control, and firing up the bottling industry to make his product ubiquitous. These strategies signaled singular foresight because up until now, most people got their Coke at a soda fountain. Woodruff, in an effectual mix of theories E and O, fired his sales force and rehired them renaming them servicemen instead of salesmen. Part of their â€Å"new job† was to train retailers to properly dispense the syrup and find better methods for mixing the drink. At bottling plants, servicemen would increase productivity and efficiency by advising on all aspects of the operation. With Woodruff’s sweeping quality control programs, Coke lovers could expect to find one, and only one unmistakable taste in the North and South and from coast to coast. (Pendergrast, 2000) Woodruff wanted to place Coke â€Å"within arm’s reach of desire† anywhere and everywhere in the country. Wherever there are people who get thirsty, make Coke an option. Woodruff realized the enormous potential of the bottle as a means to carry out this dream. Coke in bottles could go anywhere. If people would sip Coke at the soda fountains and then find it on the grocery store shelves, they would probably buy it. Within Robert Woodruff’s first five years as president of the company, Coca Cola in bottles began to outsell Coke sold at soda fountains. Coke cropped up, as the 1927 advertising slogan claimed, â€Å"†¦around the corner from anywhere. † (Oliver, 1986) Woodruff outlined a plan in 1926 to test the drink in Europe. When the board of directors balked, he did it anyway in secret and turned a profit in three years. As Coca Cola went global, some recommended modifying coke’s flavor to suit the taste buds of each nationality but Woodruff stood by his belief in the universal appeal of coke’s single, secret formula. In the 1950’s Coca Cola ruled the soft drink world and its name was as universally known as that of any other product in commercial history. The advertising budget for the company in 1955 was 30 million dollars. Coca Cola continued to spend huge amounts of money on advertising, and Coke remained the favorite soft drink throughout the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s. Comfortable profits up to and including 1984, made it very difficult to Coca Cola’s top officials to accept that as Coke neared its 100th birthday it’s lead over Pepsi was decreasing fast. Coca cola spent more than Pepsi on advertising, it was competitively priced and was more widely distributed that Pepsi. Apparently marketing technique was not the problem. In the end, the company felt it had no choice but to consider the product itself. Around this time, in 1984, we were experiencing the â€Å"Cola Wars. † Pepsi was going all out to prove that consumers liked the taste of Pepsi more than they liked the taste of Coke, and the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge† proved it. Exclusive Pepsi drinkers rated Pepsi higher than exclusive Coke drinkers rated Coke. Coca Cola had been collecting evidence and concluded that taste had to be the single most important cause of Coke’s decline. No matter how much money Coca Cola poured into its marketing programs, the results were not significant enough. â€Å"We estimated that the system, including bottler’s and the company, annually outspent Pepsi by 100 million and still their share declined. In 1980 when Coke’s market share grew, they outspent Pepsi by 150 million. † (Oliver, 1986. p. 95) The company’s top executives were also very busy at the time fighting law suits with their bottlers over the price of syrup, and not paying attention to a new and growing market population. Market analysts believed baby boomers were more likely to purchase diet drinks as they aged and became more health and weight conscious. Therefore any future growth in the full calorie segment had to come from younger drinkers, who at that time favored Pepsi and its sweetness by even more overwhelming margins than the market as a whole. While Coca Cola was enjoying a 52% share of the soft drink market, and fighting with the bottlers over rising syrup prices, Pepsi was hard at work attracting a younger, more â€Å"with it† segment of consumers. Pepsi had Michael Jackson touting its soft drink to this up and coming consumer group, and Coke had Bill Cosby, who was their parents’ age, as its spokesman. Younger people and teens were no longer depending on their moms to come home with the beverage of her choice. With this population becoming more economically independent, they were able to choose their own soft drinks and convince mom or dad to pick Pepsi up with the week’s groceries. Coca Cola’s senior executives commissioned a secret project named â€Å"Project Kansas† to test and perfect a new flavor for Coke itself. Much of the market research conducted between 1983 and 1985 on the possibility of a new Coke was discouraging. One set of focus groups said that Pepsi could improve its formula, but the answer to a Coke reformulation was a resounding NO. In other focus groups, there was another problem. When asked, What is your favorite drink? most people said, Coke!   Ã‚   When asked, What do you drink? the response was shocking:   sometimes Coke, sometimes Pepsi, sometimes even a generic if it was on sale. As Thomas Oliver puts it, There appeared to be a disturbing gap between what people said and what they did. (Oliver, 1986. p. 104) When Roberto Goizueta took over as CEO in 1980, he pointedly told employees there would be â€Å"no sacred cows in how the company did its business, including how it formulated its drinks. † (Newsweek, 22 July 1985. p. 39) Robert Woodruff was still alive and in his 80’s when Goizueta made this statement. Goizueta even said that Woodruff agreed with him about changing the taste of Coke. Bearing in mind what Woodruff said about 50 years before regarding the â€Å"single secret formula† being the only one for Coke, one must question the idea of Robert Woodruff being on board for a flavor change. The company’s marketing department went out in the field armed with samples of possible new drink for taste tests, focus groups and surveys. The results of that were strong; the high fructose corn syrup mixture overwhelmingly beat both the regular Coke and Pepsi. A small majority felt angry and alienated at the very thought, saying they would stop buying Coke altogether. Their presence in focus groups tended to skew results in a more negative direction as they exerted indirect peer pressure on other participants. The surveys, which were given more significance by standard marketing procedures of the era, were less negative and were key in convincing management to move forward with a change in formula for 1985. (Hays, 2004) But the focus groups had provided a clue as to how the change would play out in a public context, a data point that the company downplayed but which was to prove important later. In addition, the researchers never made it clear to the consumers that old Coke wouldn’t be available at all. Not stressing in the tests that the new taste would replace the old taste. Goizueta even defended the change by pointing out that the drink’s secret formula was not sacrosanct and inviolable. Referring of course, to the fact that the formula had been changed before, albeit minutely, to make it Kosher. One could argue that Goizueta was comparing apples to oranges by making this point. The reaction to the new Coke was immediate and violent. Three months of unrelenting protests ensued against the loss of coke. In addition to the noisier public protests, boycotts and bottles being emptied into the streets, the company had more serious reasons to be concerned. The bottlers were expressing concern over the new taste. Most of them saw great difficulty having to promote and sell a drink that had long been marketed as the â€Å"Real Thing†, constant and unchanging, now that it had changed. Bottlers also started threatening boycotts of New Coke. With the company now fearing boycotts from consumers and bottlers, talks about reintroducing the old formula moved from â€Å"if† to â€Å"when†. The resistance was so fierce that on July 11, 1985 Goizueta publically apologized to the American people. This mea culpa, in itself, changed American corporate behavior. Never before had a major corporation told the American people that it was sorry. Coca Cola executives announced the return of the original formula on July 10, 1985, less than three months after New Coke’s introduction. Throughout the 120 years of Coca Cola’s life, there have been a few changes. As Brian Dyson CEO at Coca Cola in the 1980’s said, â€Å"Eventually, anything that oesn’t change in the face of change will wither and die, and that’s the law of nature. † (Oliver, 1986. p. 99) Change is part of organizational life and essential for progress. When Robert Woodruff took over at President of the Coca Cola in 1923, he instituted structural change in that he treated the organization at a set of functional parts. Woodruff reorganized the parts of his machine, and achieved g reater overall performance. Most effectively by creating a service team with his salesmen and making the mixing process of Coca Cola syrup universal. He also substituted the title â€Å"serviceman† for the title, â€Å"salesman† for a team of employees, which changed the way his sales force was viewed by the bottlers. The salesmen were no longer seen as a force to be defended against, but part of the whole organization working together to create a fantastic, one and only product. Woodruff incorporated all four types of change; organizational, cost cutting, process, and cultural change into this one bold move. He was also a strong leader in that he insisted the taste of Coke would be universal throughout the world, and not be changed to suit any one nationality’s tastes. Robert Woodruff effectively mixed Harvard Business professors Michael Beer and Nitin Nohria’s Theory E and Theory O. before the theories were even discovered! (Luecke, 2003) While he aimed for a dramatic and rapid increase in profits by relying heavily on cost cutting, and process change, he also made use of Theory O by creating higher performance in fostering a powerful culture and capable employees through the servicemen training of bottlers and soda fountain owners regarding the mixing and dispensing of Coca Cola syrup. The syrup pricing debacle with the bottlers created a problem that would affect Coca Cola’s relationships and bottom line throughout the existence of the company. While hindsight may be 20/20, there may be no way that Asa Candler could have foreseen the precipitous jump in syrup ingredient prices in the years to come. Perhaps Candler could have used some more economic expertise to successfully forecast future rising prices. As far as Robert Goizueta and his decision to change the flavor of Coke, literally over Robert Woodruff’s dead body, that was clearly a structural process change made solely within the tenets of Theory O. While â€Å"it is impossible to anticipate the what when or where of change, it is something that business can count on and should plan for. † (Luecke, 2003. p. 1) Problem identification is important, but how the problem is identified is also important. Goizueta and his top executives were looking at their bottom line and shareholder value, and virtually nothing else. This included the lawsuits they were involved in with the bottlers over syrup prices. Candler’s deal with the bottler’s many years before came back to haunt them. They were looking at the prospect of Coca Cola being second in the market place for the first time in history. Their tunnel vision did not allow them to see the strides Pepsi was making with the â€Å"younger generation†. Coca Cola had made a structural process change in the flavor of Coke instead of a cultural change focusing on their relationship with bottlers, and most importantly, their relationship with consumers. They did not consider the fact that it was the unique taste of Coke that had made their company so successful. They should have left the taste of the â€Å"Real Thing† real. There were a few other things that could have been changed that needed fixing, rather than fix the one thing that wasn’t broken. For a few dollars more, they could have settled with the bottlers, and concentrated on what they could do to reel in the next generation of consumers without making the huge mistake of changing the formula.

Growing and Maintaining Your Fig (Ficus Carica)

Growing and Maintaining Your Fig (Ficus Carica) Common fig (Ficus carica) is a small tree native to southwest Asia but widely planted in North America.  This edible fig is widely grown for its fruit and is commercially grown in the United States in California, Oregon, Texas, and Washington. The fig has been around since the dawn of civilization and was one of the first plants ever to be cultivated by humans. Fossilized figs dating to 9400-9200 BC were found in an early Neolithic village in the Jordan Valley. Archaeology expert Kris Hirst says figs were domesticated five thousand years earlier than millet or wheat. Taxonomy of the Common Fig Scientific name: Ficus caricaPronunciation: FIE-cussCommon name(s): Common fig. The name is very similar in French (figue), German (feige), Italian and Portuguese (figo).Family: Moraceae or mulberryUSDA hardiness zones: 7b through 11Origin: native to Western Asia but distributed by man throughout the Mediterranean region.Uses: Garden specimen; fruit tree; seed oil; latexAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree. The North American Timeline and Spread There are no native temperate figs in the United States. Members of the fig family are located in tropical forests of the extreme southern portion of North America. The first documented fig tree brought to the New World was planted in Mexico in 1560. Figs were then introduced into California in 1769. Many varieties have since been imported from Europe and into the United States. The common fig reached Virginia and the eastern United States in 1669 and adapted well. From Virginia, fig planting and cultivation spread to the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. Botanical Description Leaf: deciduous leaves are palmate, deeply divided into 3 to 7 main lobes, and irregularly toothed on the margins. The blade is up to 10 inches in length and width, fairly thick, rough on the upper surface, softly hairy on the underside. Flower: small and inconspicuous Trunk/bark/branches: droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for clearance and weight reduction; Breakage: susceptible to breakage either at the crotch due to poor collar formation, or the wood itself is  weak and tends to break Propagation Fig trees have been raised from seed, even seeds extracted from commercial dried fruits. Ground or air-layering can be done satisfactorily, but the tree is most commonly propagated by cuttings of mature wood 2 to 3 years of age, 1/2 to 3/4 inches thick and 8 to 12 inches long. Planting must be done within 24 hours. The upper, slant cut end of the cutting should be treated with a sealant to protect it from disease, and the lower, flat, end with a root-promoting hormone. Common Varieties Celeste: a pear-shaped fruit with short neck and slender stalk. The fruit is small to medium and skin purplish-brown.Brown Turkey: broad-pyriform, usually without a neck. The fruit is medium to large and copper-colored. The main crop, begins in mid-July, is large.Brunswick: fruits of main crop are oblique-turbinate, mostly without neck. The fruit is of medium size, bronze or purple-brown.Marseilles: fruits of main crop round to oblate without a neck and on slender stalks. Figs in the Landscape Southern Living Magazine says that, in addition to being a delicious fruit, figs make beautiful trees in the Middle, Lower, Coastal, and Tropical South. Figs are versatile and easy to grow. They grow the perfect fruit, they love the heat, and the insects just seem to ignore them. You will have to share your tree with birds that flock in for a meal and partake of the fruits of your labor. This tree is a birders dream but a fruit pickers nightmare. Netting may be used to discourage fruit damage. Protection From Cold Figs cant stand temperatures that consistently fall below 0 degrees F. Still, you can actually get away with growing figs in colder climates if planted against a south-facing wall to benefit from the radiant heat. Figs also grow well and look great when espaliered against a wall. When temperatures dip below 15 degrees, mulch or cover trees with fabric. Protect the roots of container-growing figs by moving them indoors or transplant them to a frost-free area when temperatures fall below 20 degrees F. Avid fig growers in cold climates actually dig up the root ball, lay the tree in a mulching ditch and cover with their preferred compost/mulch. The Extraordinary Fruit What is commonly accepted as a figs fruit is technically a syconium with a fleshy, hollow receptacle with a small opening at the apex partly closed by small scales. This syconium may be obovoid, turbinate, or pear-shaped, 1 to 4 inches long, and varies in color from yellowish-green to copper, bronze, or dark-purple. Tiny flowers are massed on the inside wall. In the case of the common fig, the flowers are all female and need no pollination. Favorite Tips Where Do You Plant?: Figs require full sun all day to produce edible fruit. Fig trees will shade out anything growing beneath the canopy so nothing needs to be planted under the tree. Fig roots are abundant, traveling far beyond the tree canopy and will invade garden beds. How Do I Prune and Fertilize? Fig trees are productive with or without heavy pruning. It is essential only during the initial years. Trees should be trained with a low crown for fig collection and to avoid trunk-breaking limb weight. Since the crop is borne on terminals of previous years wood, once the tree form is established, avoid heavy winter pruning, which causes loss of the following years crop. It is better to prune immediately after the main crop is harvested, or with late-ripening cultivars, summer prune half the branches and prune the remainder the following summer. Regular fertilizing of figs is usually necessary only for potted trees or when they are grown on sandy soils. Excess nitrogen encourages foliage growth at the expense of fruit production. Any fruit that is produced often ripens improperly. Fertilize a fig tree if the branches grew less than a foot the previous year. Apply a total of 1/2 - 1 pound of actual nitrogen, divided into three or four applications beginning in late winter or early spring and ending in July. Fig Pests: From a Perdue University Report Fig trees are prone to attack by nematodes, but weve not found them a problem. Still, a heavy mulch will discourage many insects with the  proper application of nematicides. A common and widespread problem is leaf rust caused by Cerotelium fici. The disease brings about premature leaf fall and reduces fruit yields. It is most prevalent during rainy seasons. Leaf spot results from infection by Cylindrocladium scoparium or Cercospora fici. Fig mosaic is caused by a virus and is incurable. Affected trees must be destroyed.

John Browns importance in the antebellum slavery debate Essay

John Browns importance in the antebellum slavery debate - Essay Example Christian savior Jesus Christ (â€Å"John Brown’s Holy War,† 2010).John Brown can be a banner for which all abolitionists really under to continue the fight for the freedom and dignity of all of the people who have been wrongly chained and enslaved. The harder that we deny these winds of change the greater the force will ultimately be all the more destructive; do you not see this only brings us further from bringing this country together, but only further tear us apart. John Brown’s crime is not the charges levied against him, but what he represents and the likelihood fuel he can add to the fight against slavery. The time for change is now. Thoreau’s message speaks volumes of the respect that many have for this condemned man. He explained that his character will likely live long after him and that is his legacy (â€Å"John Brown’s Holy War,† 2010). Ultimately, the court will decide his fate, but we can take up his cause, pass the torch, and continue the fight to the end. We can no longer allow injustices that so freely and legally occur in the southern states; crimes of the most heinous kind. If ever there was a time to rise up the banner of John Brown is now. Let his cause be ours as we bring Americ a into a whole new era and very different

Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Apple - Essay Example The  letters in PESTLE represent Political, Economic,  Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal, and Environmental. Political forces refer to the stability eminent in the political  environment as well as the attitudes of political movements or parties towards the organization. This manifests in government’s tax policies, or the government’s involvement in the form of trade in which the organization is involved. Political factors are intertwined with legal aspects, for example, trade  restrictions and regulations, national employment legislation, merger and monopoly rules, and consumer protection (Brookes & Palmer, 2004). The Apple Company, in 2005, made 52% of its sales outside of the United States (Jones, McCormick, & Dewing, 2012). The Apple Company possesses no control over its relations with other nations, mainly because of Americas war against Terror. Apple produces a large number of its products in foreign countries. This is inclusive of countries such as China, Czech Republic, Korea, and Ireland. Any form of political conflict with any of these nations will have a devast ating effect on the Apple Company. Once more, the Apple Company possesses no control over wars, failed public relations, or failed communication with corresponding nations to the United States. Economic factors refer to a wider economy and therefore, include levels of  unemployment and employment, economic growth rates, the costs of raw materials, inflation, and exchange rates. The economic depression of 2009 had a severe impact on the Apple sales as well as the growth and development of the company (Amb, Hair, & Mcdaniel, 2011). The Apple products were viewed as luxury products at that high inflation rate, when income was low, and the rate of unemployment had heightened. This caused the company’s product sales to drop drastically. However, since Apple had purchased foreign currency, when the dollar lost value, the corporation did not face economic breakdown. Actually, the decline

Solid Waste and Recycling Essay Example for Free

Solid Waste and Recycling Essay Over the years, the demand for effective solid waste management and recycling has drastically risen. This has mainly been due to the fast changing methods of consumerism and drastically increasing populations of towns with time. Lack of long term focus has greatly contributed to the menace as the urban systems are highly dynamic and require visionary establishment that project into the future. The problem has also been exacerbated by poor technology adoption that is necessary for ensuring solid waste is effectively treated. Besides, modern planning systems require greater attention for recycling necessary for ensuring least pollution of environment while maximizing the utility of available materials. Failing to plan has been considered as major step in planning to fail in offering the necessary management of wastes in the major cities (Wilson et al, 2004). Most often, the term solid waste is used to denote municipal solid wastes which include all the wastes that are in non-liquid form generated within an urban setting. They mostly include domestic wastes from the residential areas, business and commercial centers, industrial centers and construction regions within the town jurisdictions. Recycling on the other hand involves focus on the already produced wastes to increase their utility (Eugenie, 2008). It is aimed at bringing different materials back in a useful format though mostly different from the previous one. Urban planning and management interlinks the two concepts as they are directly dependent on each other for effective treatment and management. This paper evaluates solid wastes and recycling as major considerations in urban planning. As a result, it extrapolates solid wastes management aspects necessary for consideration during urban planning. Acting as a structural system, the paper examines the waste stream from production up to disposal with appropriate planning aspects at each stage. Using examples of major cities and towns, effectiveness of solid waste planning and management systems are compared for efficiency. Besides, the paper also explores the possible planning and recycling techniques for solid wastes in the urban areas. In the conclusion, the paper gives recommendations that can be assumed by various urban planners and managers to effectively manage and recycle their wastes. Overview and statistics In US, over 500, 000, 000 tons of solid wastes are generated annually by urban centers. However, only 35% of this waste is recycled while the rest is disposed off. These indicate a strong increase in the recycling capacity of 8% since the year 1990. However, the quantity indicated is much lower as Environmental Protection Agency does not take into consideration of the incinerated solid wastes and that in the illegal landfills. Besides, this waste usually excludes health wastes which are categorized as hazardous wastes. Waste production has been increasing steadily since the onset of industrial revolution. About 0. 979 tons of wastes are disposed annually per person by the US population (Eugenie, 2008). However, the mode of handling the wastes differs greatly as states and towns have varying leadership and management as well as budgetary allocations. To add to that, the attitudes of the people in the major towns determine the suitability of the recycling processes thereby effectively contributing to the sorting out of the solid wastes for recycling process. Majority of the US cities and states have been exporting their wastes to other regions for treatment and disposal. On average, Pennsylvania exports 9,764,000 tons, Virginia 3, 891, 000 tons, Illinois 1, 548, 000, and New York 5, 600, 000 tons. Though this trend has been greatly criticized, it is considered as a better option since majority of the states and towns lack the correct facilities to treat and dispose off their wastes safely (Eugenie, 2008). Solid waste collection and transportation Arguably, town planning has diversified from the previous architectural focus to include new aspects of waste management that have become part of the same entity. Production capacity of an urban center is highly dependent on different factors that must be considered when drawing the management plan. Cognizant of the expansion capacity, the town must be fully equipped to collect various wastes produced in its jurisdictions. As the first step ample means of classifying the production regions and categorization of the same waste must be set in place. This role is usually taken by the Solid waste management departments of the urban managements. Collection of solid wastes acts as one of the most important initial stages as it prevents spread of the same wastes in the areas of production. To effectively manage collection of wastes, Loss Angeles, San Francisco and London have established cooperative mechanisms where they link with the private sector for the collection purposes. However, the private sector operates in a business model that may at times harm the residents of the different cities through increased taxes. Of greater importance, is the transport system for the collected wastes in different regions which has been accused of spreading the wastes collected along the transportation routes. Urban planning for solid wastes should always apply the principle of proximity choice which requires that wastes are treated and/ or disposed at the nearest possible point to reduce transferring related problems to other regions. Transportation for solid wastes should always be carried out in fully enclosed systems as different materials are light and can easily be dispersed away. Since this forms a major point of interaction between the residents and the waste collecting institutions, it is of great importance to ensure that inclusive coordination and cooperation is enhanced for effectiveness. Major towns fail due to lack of effective collection and transportation mechanisms. Of greater concerns have been the plastic bags which have turned the whole solid waste management into a riddle for many towns. Their collection and transportation should therefore be immediate and highly effective. Solid waste treatment

An Assortment of Memories, a Myriad of Histories Essay -- U.S. History

American society has traditionally been referred to as a â€Å"melting pot,† welcoming people of all races, religions, and heritages to enjoy the â€Å"freedom† that only America could provide. That was not always the case, as incidents such as the internment of Japanese Americans at Manzanar and the Lewis and Clark journey along the Columbia River exhibited American racial intolerance and demonstrated the inherent racism of the Manifest Destiny—an ideal upon which this nation was founded. Today, government agencies such as the National Park Service (NPS) aim to repair the United States’ negative reputation by creating national historic sites, which serve as either a celebration of American history or an apologetic reminder of events that can never happen again. In regards to these sites, the NPS sees its role as â€Å"a powerful shaper of historical images and messages,† capable of â€Å"determining, creating, and memorializing history for all Ame ricans† (Hayashi 53). I argue that the single shared history for all Americans that this statement suggests cannot exist. These American historical sites—manifestations of the history the National Park Service aims to express—present false equations of indigenous and immigrant experience in this country, representing versions of history and heritage that are not equivalent in past temporal scale and present cultural consequence. The erection of two historical sites—California’s Manzanar and the Confluence Project along the Columbia River—exemplify the false equation of immigrant, indigenous, and settler experience in the United States. Upon analysis of these sites, we will see that the history portrayed there cannot be called a shared history because of the truly imbalanced way in which history is actually ... ...that makes up the American melting pot. â€Æ' Bibliography Confluence Project â€Å"The Confluence Project.† Last Modified 2012. Confluence Project Journey Book â€Å"The Confluence Project Journey Book.† Last Modified 2009. Daehnke, John 2012 The Confluence Project (lecture notes). Stanford IHUM 40B Class, May 1. Hayashi, Robert T. 2003 Transfigured Patterns: Contesting Memories at the Manzanar National Historic Site. In The Public Historian 25(4). Pp. 51-71. Berkeley: Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History. National Park Service â€Å"Lewis and Clark National Historical Park.† Last Modified April 23, 2012. . National Park Service â€Å"Manzanar.† Last Modified April 4, 2012. .

Nature of Reality Essay

Reality is what you want it to be. Reality is a term that is used loosely, but comes in many different variations. There has never been or never will be one way to interpret reality, as it is built up of beliefs and values which vary from person to person. The true nature of reality is merely an illusion; it is the universe which exists in the mind. George Orwell develops this idea in the novel 1984 as he suggests that the true nature of reality is not defined by its validity but an outcome of society’s influences, and the boundaries of reality are constructed by the boundaries of imagination. Reality for a group or individual is not built up of truths; rather it is built up of what is believed to be true or factual. The citizens of Oceania lacked basic human rights. They worked long hours, no sense of privacy, and clearly deprived of any happiness. It would be logical to assume that this form of government is cruel and rebellion would spread like wild fire, but the citizens o f Oceania firmly believe that Big Brother is taking care of them. The reason they believe this is because they have no way to access any other source of information so they are left to accept what is told by the party. This one hundred percent belief that they are being taken care of clearly defines the reality of the citizens of Oceania, but has no validity to it. Winston starts realizing this when he reads a children’s book and says â€Å"In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five and you would have to believe it. It was inevitable that they should make the claim sooner or later: the logic of their position demanded it. Not merely the validity of the experience, but the very existence of external reality was tacitly denied by their philosophy.† This is the point where he starts realizing that the reality in which the party instills in the citizens of Oceania clearly is not based on logic (2+2=5) but is still enthusiastically accepted by the people. Humans are social creatures, we learn socially and through second hand knowledge passed down from society. So it makes sense to believe that the building blocks of reality, the beliefs and values which make it whole, are hugely influenced by the beliefs and values that society allows to be instilled. The Nazi rule of Germany during WWII will always be remembered as one of the darkest periods in human history. Many of the values that Hitler instilled and forced upon the citizens of Germany share the same concept in which Big Brother spread their values of hate and control, making them perfect  examples of each other. For both Nazi Germany and Oceania its citizens accepted the reality which practiced hate and scapegoat toward the enemy, ideas that would seem crazy in modern society and which would never be tolerated. So in Nazi Germany, why were these ideas so widely accepted? The citizens of Germany were surrounded by propaganda, the society in which they lived made it acceptable to act like that and enforced it, making the people believe that it’s the right way to think and believe, thus creating their reality. This is exactly the same way in which the party gained such control over the human mind, surrounding the people with propaganda hate, and nothing else, brainwashing the people to believe that it is the values reflected by the party is the most acceptable, and only way to act. When it comes down to it, the true boundaries of reality are defined by what is comprehensible by the human mind, also known as the imagination. The extent of the imagination stretches out as far as what has been seen or felt. It is impossible to know exactly what it would feel like to be on Pluto. Why? This is because nobody has ever had the experience of living on Pluto. The citizens of Oceania are completely oblivious of the outside world. The only knowledge they have is that which the party as allowed them to know. This is why in the middle of hate week, when Oceania switches allies the people blamed Emmanuel Goldstein for all of the negative propaganda about Eurasia. This is clearly another lie which the party fabricates to suck the citizens of Oceania into the negativity of their reality. This is not questioned though because the only experience the people have in terms of what they have seen or felt has been controlled by the party, so whatever the beliefs values or decisions the party reflects, no matter how ridiculous, will be enthusiastically accepted by the people. When Winston goes on about his love affair with Julia, he makes love to her and his mind opens up to the true pleasures of life. The party publicizes the idea that sex is a completely pleasure less act and should only occur with intent for reproduction. When Winston makes love to her it opens his mind up to what is possible beyond what the party is telling them. So why did this happen? Winston went through an experience which was out of the ordinary, which opened up his imagination and logically magnified his rebellion against the party because he came to the realization that there is more to life than what the party is allowing them to know. These limits of reality are defined  by how far the imagination can really stretch. George Orwell does a fantastic job exemplifying the true meaning of reality. The idea that reality is merely an outcome of experience and knowledge and nothing else is exaggerated by the totalitarian rule of Big Brother and the complete control of Oceania citizens. The belief that present reality is completely valid does make it reality, even if it is not completely factual. This was shown by the residents of Oceania as it was obvious they were being fed lies but accepted with no question. Everything that is inside your reality has been influenced by society, whether it is known or not, it is impossible to control, but what really restricts reality is imagination. If the citizens of Oceania were exposed to anything other than the beliefs and values of the party, there is no way that they would act and respond to it the same way as their reality would open up to new possibilities. Considering all of this, there is no way to know what is really true and whether what we believe and value is right or wrong. We may be living in a reality in which many possibilities of life are hidden, just in the way that freedom was hidden from Oceania.